PHP unit testing

Overview
In this guide you'll learn how to create PHPUnit tests in Shopware 6. You can read more about PHP unit testing at the official PHPUnit documentation. 
Documentation for PHPUnit – The PHP Testing Framework
phpunit.de
Throughout this guide, you will find the $ symbol representing your command line.
Prerequisites
In order to create tests for your plugin, you first need a plugin as base. Therefore, you can refer to the Plugin Base Guide.
Furthermore, you should have a look at our Execute database queries / migrations guide since this guide will show you how to create a migration test for these example.
PHPUnit configuration
First of all we have to configure PHPUnit a bit. Therefore we have to create a file called phpunit.xml.dist in the root directory of our plugin. To get more familiar with the configurable options, you can refer to the PHPUnit documentation. In this example we configure PHPUnit to search in the directories <plugin root>/src/Test and <plugin root>/src/Migration/Test for our tests.
Here's an example configuration for the development template:
<plugin root>/phpunit.xml.dist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
​
<phpunit xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://schema.phpunit.de/7.1/phpunit.xsd"
         bootstrap="../../../vendor/shopware/platform/src/Core/TestBootstrap.php"
         cacheResult="false">
​
    <php>
        <ini name="error_reporting" value="-1"/>
        <server name="KERNEL_CLASS" value="Shopware\Development\Kernel"/>
        <env name="APP_ENV" value="test"/>
        <env name="APP_DEBUG" value="1"/>
        <env name="APP_SECRET" value="s$cretf0rt3st"/>
        <env name="SHELL_VERBOSITY" value="-1"/>
    </php>
​
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Example Testsuite">
            <directory>src/Test</directory>
        </testsuite>
​
        <testsuite name="migration">
            <directory>src/Migration/Test</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
​
    <filter>
        <whitelist>
            <directory suffix=".php">./</directory>
        </whitelist>
    </filter>
</phpunit>
Example Tests
Unit test
After we've configured PHPUnit, we can start writing our first test. In this example we have a test which simply tries to instantiate every .php class, to see if any used core classes went missing. In our test we use the IntegrationTestBehaviour trait which comes in with some handy features, such as automatically setting up a database transaction or clearing the cache before starting your tests.
Therefore, this is how your service could then look like:
<plugin root>/src/Test/UsedClassesAvailableTest.php
<?php declare(strict_types=1);
​
namespace Swag\BasicExample\Test;
​
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
use Shopware\Core\Framework\Test\TestCaseBase\IntegrationTestBehaviour;
use Symfony\Component\Finder\Finder;
​
class UsedClassesAvailableTest extends TestCase
{
    use IntegrationTestBehaviour;
​
    public function testClassesAreInstantiable(): void
    {
        $namespace = str_replace('\Test', '', __NAMESPACE__);
​
        foreach ($this->getPluginClasses() as $class) {
            $classRelativePath = str_replace(['.php', '/'], ['', '\\'], $class->getRelativePathname());
​
            $this->getMockBuilder($namespace . '\\' . $classRelativePath)
                ->disableOriginalConstructor()
                ->getMock();
        }
​
        // Nothing broke so far, classes seem to be instantiable
        $this->assertTrue(true);
    }
​
    private function getPluginClasses(): Finder
    {
        $finder = new Finder();
        $finder->in(realpath(__DIR__ . '/../'));
        $finder->exclude('Test');
        return $finder->files()->name('*.php');
    }
}
Migration test
In order to test our example migration Migration1611740369ExampleDescription, we create a new test called Migration1611740369ExampleDescriptionTest which extends from the PHPUnit TestCase. Furthermore we use the KernelTestBehaviour trait since we need our database connection from the container.
Here's an example for a migration test:
<plugin root>/src/Migration/Test/Migration1611740369ExampleDescriptionTest.php
<?php declare(strict_types=1);
​
namespace Swag\BasicExample\Migration\Test;
​
use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
use Shopware\Core\Framework\Test\TestCaseBase\KernelTestBehaviour;
​
class Migration1611740369ExampleDescriptionTest extends TestCase
{
    use KernelTestBehaviour;
​
    public function testNoChanges(): void
    {
        /** @var Connection $conn */
        $conn = $this->getContainer()->get(Connection::class);
        $expectedSchema = $conn->fetchAssoc('SHOW CREATE TABLE `swag_basic_example_general_settings`')['Create Table'];
​
        $migration = new Migration1611740369ExampleDescription();
​
        $migration->update($conn);
        $actualSchema = $conn->fetchAssoc('SHOW CREATE TABLE `swag_basic_example_general_settings`')['Create Table'];
        static::assertSame($expectedSchema, $actualSchema, 'Schema changed!. Run init again to have clean state');
​
        $migration->updateDestructive($conn);
        $actualSchema = $conn->fetchAssoc('SHOW CREATE TABLE `swag_basic_example_general_settings`')['Create Table'];
        static::assertSame($expectedSchema, $actualSchema, 'Schema changed!. Run init again to have clean state');
    }
​
    public function testNoTable(): void
    {
        /** @var Connection $conn */
        $conn = $this->getContainer()->get(Connection::class);
        $conn->executeStatement('DROP TABLE `swag_basic_example_general_settings`');
​
        $migration = new Migration1611740369ExampleDescription();
        $migration->update($conn);
        $exists = $conn->fetchColumn('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `swag_basic_example_general_settings`') !== false;
​
        static::assertTrue($exists);
    }
}
Database setup
Once we've created our tests, we have to initialize the test databases for our migration test. This can be done with the following command:
$ ./psh.phar init-test-databases
Executing the test
All commands in this section will be executed in the root directory of our plugin.
For easier usage, you could create a batch file called phpunit.sh into a /bin directory of your plugin. Its only purpose then would be executing the PHPUnit testsuite. Make sure the path in the following file actually fits.
<plugin root>/bin/phpunit.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
./../../../vendor/bin/phpunit "[email protected]"
Executing all tests in the plugin
Now we can execute the phpunit.sh to run all tests of our plugin.
$ ./bin/phpunit.sh
Executing a single test
If we want to execute a specific test only, we have to pass the path to the test as argument.
$ ./bin/phpunit.sh src/Migration/Test/Migration1611740369ExampleDescriptionTest.php
Executing a single method
To execute a specific method of a test, we have to pass the argument --filter with the name of the method and the path to test.
$ ./bin/phpunit.sh --filter testNoChanges src/Migration/Test/Migration1611740369ExampleDescriptionTest.php
Production template
If you use the production template (which is also used by the zipped download version), you have to change a few things. First the path to the bootstrap file is different, because there's no shopware/platform, but shopware/core. So we have to change vendor/shopware/platform/src/Core/TestBootstrap.php to vendor/shopware/core/TestBootstrap.php.
We also need to change the KERNEL_CLASS from Shopware\Development\Kernel to Shopware\Production\Kernel.
Therefore, this is how your configuration could then look like:
<plugin root>/phpunit.xml.dist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
​
<phpunit xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://schema.phpunit.de/7.1/phpunit.xsd"
         bootstrap="../../../vendor/shopware/core/TestBootstrap.php"
         cacheResult="false">
​
    <php>
        <ini name="error_reporting" value="-1"/>
        <server name="KERNEL_CLASS" value="Shopware\Production\Kernel"/>
        <env name="APP_ENV" value="test"/>
        <env name="APP_DEBUG" value="1"/>
        <env name="APP_SECRET" value="s$cretf0rt3st"/>
        <env name="SHELL_VERBOSITY" value="-1"/>
    </php>
​
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Example Testsuite">
            <directory>src/Test</directory>
        </testsuite>
​
        <testsuite name="migration">
            <directory>src/Migration/Test</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
​
    <filter>
        <whitelist>
            <directory suffix=".php">./</directory>
        </whitelist>
    </filter>
</phpunit>
Next steps
You've learned about PHPUnit tests here now. But what about unit testing your javascript code, either in the storefront or the administration?
​Jest unit tests in Shopware's administration​
​Jest unit tests in Shopware's storefront​
Jest unit tests in Shopware's storefront
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